Self-Assessment Examination

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1. Maternal mortality for pulmonary hypertension patients in the most recent series was reported at which of the following percentage?

   1. 10%

   2. 12%-16%

   3. 17%-33%

   4. 34%-56%

2. All of the following are considered “very effective methods of contraception,” but failure rate does vary. Which has the highest measurable failure rate?

   1. Female sterilization

   2. IUD

   3. Contraceptive implants

   4. Combination oral contraceptive pills

3. True or false: Combination oral contraceptive pills (estrogen + progestin) must always be avoided in pulmonary hypertension, even in patients on anticoagulation.

   1. True

   2. False

4. True or false: Progestin-only oral contraceptive pills are an acceptable form of birth control for women with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

   1. True

   2. False

5. In the REVEAL registry, a large US registry of pulmonary arterial hypertension, more women than men were diagnosed with all forms of pulmonary hypertension except:

   1. Idiopathic PAH

   2. Congenital heart disease-related PAH

   3. Connective tissue disease-related PAH

   4. Portal hypertension-related PAH

6. In the most commonly used animal models of pulmonary hypertension (hypoxic, monocrotaline), do males or females develop more severe pulmonary hypertension?

   1. Males

   2. Females

7. True or false: Women with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, on average, live longer than men with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

   1. True

   2. False

8. During a normal pregnancy, all of the following occur except:

   1. Increased cardiac output

   2. Increased systemic blood pressure

   3. Increased blood volume

   4. Increased hypercoagulability

9. Which of the following medication classes is pregnancy category X (always avoided)?

   1. Endothelin-1 antagonists

   2. Prostacyclins

   3. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors