Self-Assessment Examination

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1. Chronically hypoxia is a frequently used model for PH. All of the following are features of chronically hypoxic animal models except
   1. Right ventricular hypertrophy
   2. Occlusive intimal vascular lesions
   3. Medial hypertrophy
   4. Thrombosis   
2. True or false: The tat protein is implicated in the pulmonary vascular abnormalities seen in the Simian HIV infected macaques.
   
   1. True
   2. False   
3. Which statement is FALSE:
   
   1. Most studies using animal models of PH are prevention models.
   2. Right heart failure is a common feature of animal models of PH.
   3. PH models using mice have relatively less vascular remodeling compared to other species.   
4. Metabolic syndrome is defined by all of the following abnormalities except:
   
   1. Diabetes
   2. Hypertension
   3. Hyperlididemia
   4. Obesity   
5. "Diabetic cardiomyopathy" is defined as impaired ventricular function in diabetics with:
   1. Hypertension
   2. Ischemic heart disease
   3. Both of the above
   4. Neither of the above   
6. Ventricular dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with abnormalities in which of the following subcellular organelles:
   1. Nucleus
   2. Golgi apparatus
   3. Mitochondria
   4. Caveoli   
7. Poor prognostic signs in exercise right heart catheterization include all of the following EXCEPT:
   
   1. Increased cardiac output
   2. Decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance
   3. Angina
   4. Presyncopal symptoms or frank syncope   
8. Conventional hemodynamic assessment during right heart catheterization does not allow for consideration of which of the following:
   
   1. Left-sided filling pressures
   2. Pulmonary vascular resistance
   3. Pulsatile stress